Protocol

Macaque random-dot motion confidence wagering task

Trained non-human primates judge random-dot motion direction and can express confidence through a wager or opt-out response. Motion coherence controls sensory evidence, while the wager response probes decision confidence.

Task structure

Stimulus, choice, feedback, and training as declared in the protocol record.

Stimulus

evidence_schedule: Random-dot motion coherence varies across trials; confidence report opportunities are interleaved with standard direction choices.
evidence_type: stochastic-motion
modalities: visual
notes: —
units: percent coherence
variables: motion coherence, motion direction, wager option

Choice

action_mapping: Saccades to choice targets report direction; a distinct target can report a sure-bet or confidence-related option.
alternatives: direction A, direction B, sure or wager option
choice_type: wagering
notes: —
response_modalities: saccade

Feedback

feedback_type: reward
notes: —
penalty: —
reward: Fluid reward amount depends on correctness and wager condition.

Training

notes: —
stages: fixation training, motion discrimination training, wager option training

Trial timing

fixation

protocol-specific

Subject maintains fixation before stimulus onset.
motion_stimulus

protocol-specific

Random-dot motion evidence is shown.
choice_or_wager

response-limited

Subject reports direction or wager option with eye movement.
feedback

outcome-dependent

Vertical slices

Macaque RDM Confidence Wagering available

Expected analyses

psychometric curve by motion coherence
confidence or wager probability by coherence and accuracy
decision confidence model

Interpretive claims

confidence report

Confidence: high · ref.kiani-shadlen-2009

Open questions

Decide whether confidence and wagering should be modeled as task variants or analysis claims.
Add target layout fields if full raw behavioral files are recovered.
Split figure source-data rows from unique raw trial rows if a complete behavioral export is linked.

Papers

Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. (2021)

Findings

Curves attached to this protocol on shared signed-evidence axes.

Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. · accuracy_by_strength · accuracy_no_sure_target figure-source-data
Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. · accuracy_by_strength · accuracy_no_sure_target figure-source-data
Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. · accuracy_by_strength · accuracy_sure_available_direction_chosen figure-source-data
Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. · accuracy_by_strength · accuracy_sure_available_direction_chosen figure-source-data
Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. · chronometric · accuracy_no_sure_target figure-source-data
Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. · chronometric · accuracy_no_sure_target figure-source-data
Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. · psychometric · accuracy_no_sure_target figure-source-data
Khalvati K, Kiani R, Rao RPN. Bayesian inference with incomplete knowledge explains perceptual confidence and its deviations from accuracy. Nature Communications, 2021. · psychometric · accuracy_no_sure_target figure-source-data

See all findings overlaid on shared axes.